单词串串记001

鹰览天下事啊 2024-09-04 04:33:15

上一期《单词串串记000》中,笔者阐述了助力英文单词串记的四种基本音变规律,分别是元音音变字母组、f音音变字母组、鼻音音变字母组和ks音音变字母组。接着,举例罗列了原始印欧语词根“*spek-”、“*wegh-”、“*weg-”、“*gwei-”分别是“to observe”、“to go, move, transport in a vehicle”、“to be strong, be lively”、“to live”的意思。

于是-

➊aspect n.方面;层面;(动词的)体(如表示动作等发生一次或多次、已完成或正在进行);外观;方位;外表;朝向;样子㊙️表示眼中所看;

➋special adj.特别的;特殊的;专用的;重要的;更好的;特设的;不寻常的;特别关照的;不一般的;有专门目的的;格外看重的;起专门作用的;n.特价;特别活动(或节目等);特制产品;㊙️越是与众不同越容易引起人们关注;

➌telescope n.望远镜;v.(使)叠套缩短,叠缩;缩短,精简,压缩(成…);㊙️-scope是spek-的倒装形式;

➍always adv.总是;一直;(将)永远;(讨厌地)老是,一再;一贯;㊙️way“go的人多了便有了way”,all ways,所有的路不正是“总是、一直、老是”的意思?

➎vigor n.活力;智力, 精力, 元气;㊙️动才有活力、才显元气;

➏词根bio-“life, life and”;㊙️f音音变字母组b与v串位留义的现象;

➐词根zoo- “animal, living being”;㊙️f音变字母组v与g相串,ks音变字母组g与z相串;或可理解为g未封口变写为s,然后再发生ks音变字母组s与z之间的互串;一系列单词因意义统一从而强化了理解串记的强力效能。

汉语中,我们通常说一个人灵泛、有眼力见等,无不指向灵活、眼色、行动敏锐的意境。这又让笔者联想到聪明与眼晴间的紧密联系。因此,上一期的四个关联词根又多了一个新的成员——原始印欧语词根“*weid-”是 "to see" 的意思。

一、单词串串记实例

♻*weid-衍生词

☯advice[ədˈvaɪs]

n.建议;意见;忠告;劝告;

from Latin visum, neuter past participle of videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")

☯advise[ədˈvaɪz]

v.建议;通知;提供咨询;提出建议;劝告;忠告;出主意;正式告知;

from Latin visum, neuter past participle of videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")

☯belvedere[ˈbelvədɪə(r)]

n.观景楼;观景房;

from Latin bellus "beautiful, fair;" see belle) + vedere "a view, sight" (from PIE root *weid- "to see"

☯clairvoyant[kleəˈvɔɪənt]

adj.能预卜未来的;未卜先知的;通灵的;

n.未卜先知的人;通灵大师;

from clair (see clear (adj.)) + voyant "seeing," present participle of voir, from Latin videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")

☯deja vu[ˌdeɪʒɑː ˈvuː]

似曾经历过的感觉;

from French déjà vu, literally "already seen." The phenomenon also is known as promnesia

☯druid[ˈdruːɪd]

n.德鲁伊特(古代凯尔特人的祭司);

from Old Celtic *derwos "true" (from PIE root *deru- "tree," especially oak) + *wid- "to know" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")

☯eidetic[aɪ'detɪk]

adj.(头脑中的印象)异常清晰的;极为逼真的;

from eidesis "knowledge," from eidos "form, shape" (see -oid)

☯eidolon[aɪ"dəʊlɒn]

n.幻像,精灵,睡梦中的幻象;

from eidos "form, shape" (see -oid)

☯envy[ˈenvi]

n.嫉妒;羡慕;忌妒;

vt.羡慕;忌妒;庆幸不必做别人非做不可的事;

from PIE root *en "in") + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see"

☯evident[ˈevɪdənt]

adj.明显的;显然的;清楚的;显而易见的;

from ex "out, out of, fully" (see ex-) + videntem (nominative videns), present participle of videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")

☯guide[ɡaɪd]

vt.指导;指引;影响(某人的行为);(向某人)解释;阐明;搀扶(某人朝…方向)走;给某人领路(或导游)

n.指南;导游;向导;手册;指导者;女童子军;有指导意义的事物;

from PIE root *weid- "to see."

☯guidon["gaɪdən]

n.队旗;旗手;军旗;

from Proto-Germanic *witanan "to look after, guard" (from PIE root *weid- "to see"). Compare guide (v.)

☯guise[ɡaɪz]

n.伪装;外表;表现形式;外貌;

vi.使化装伪装;

from *wissaz (source also of Old High German wisa "manner, wise"), from PIE root *weid- "to see."

☯guy[ɡaɪ]

n.男人;家伙;伙计们;小伙子;兄弟(或姐妹)们;支索,牵索,拉索;一群男人(或女人);盖伊模拟像(英国每年11月5日庆祝篝火之夜焚烧的身着古装的人体模型)

vi.(用拉索等)固定;逃走;(用牵索等)牵拉;开…的玩笑;取笑[俚语]逃亡;乱演某角色

from PIE root *weid- "to see."

☯Gwendolyn["ɡwendəlin]

n.格温多琳;【女名】女子名;

the first element is Breton gwenn "white", from nasalized form of PIE root *weid- "to see."

Hades[ˈheɪdiːz]

n.阴间;冥府;

from privative prefix a- + idein "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see").

☯history[ˈhɪstri]

n.历史(指过去发生的所有事情);(某人的)履历,经历;(有关某个地方、主题等的)发展史;历史学;历史课;

from PIE *wid-tor-, from root *weid- "to see," hence "to know."

☯idea[aɪˈdɪə]

n.想法;主意;概念;意见;目标;看法;构思;感觉;信念;印象;

from PIE *wid-es-ya-, suffixed form of root *weid- "to see."

☯ideo-

word-forming element variously used with reference to images or to ideas, from Greek idea "form; the look of a thing; a kind, sort, nature; mode, fashion," in logic, "a, kind, sort, species" (see idea).

☯idol[ˈaɪdl]

n.偶像;神像;受到热爱和崇拜的人(或物);

Old English afgod, Danish afgud, Swedish avgud, Old High German abgot, compounds with af-/ab- "away, away from" (source of off) + god). Old Norse skurgoð "idol" is literally "carved god."

☯idyll[ˈɪdɪl]

n.田园诗;(尤指乡下的)愉快恬静的地方(或事情、经历);

descriptive poem, usually of rustic or pastoral type," literally "a little picture," diminutive of eidos "form" (see -oid).

☯improvisation[ˌɪmprəvaɪˈzeɪʃn]

n.即兴创作;即兴演奏;

from assimilated form of in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + provisus "foreseen," also "provided," past participle of providere "foresee, provide" (see provide)

☯improvise[ˈɪmprəvaɪz]

v.即兴创作(音乐、台词、演讲词等);临时拼凑;临时做;

☯interview[ˈɪntəvjuː]

n.采访;面试;面谈;(常指公开的)记者采访;(私下的)会谈;

v.(媒体)采访;(私下)提问,面谈;对(某人)进行面试;

from entre- "between" (see inter-) + Old French voir "to see" (from Latin videre, from PIE root *weid- "to see")

☯invidious[ɪnˈvɪdiəs]

adj.招人嫉妒的;易引起反感的;惹人厌的;讨厌而不公正的;

from invidia "envy, grudge, jealousy, ill will" (see envy (n.)).

☯kaleidoscope[kəˈlaɪdəskəʊp]

n.万花筒;(形势、图案等的)千变万化,瞬息万变;

from Greek kalos "beautiful, beauteous" (see Callisto) + eidos "shape" (see -oid) + -scope, on model of telescope, etc

☯-oid

word-forming element meaning "like, like that of, thing like a ______," from Latinized form of Greek -oeidēs (three syllables), from eidos "form," related to idein "to see," eidenai "to know;" literally "to see" (from PIE *weid-es-, from root *weid- "to see"). The -o- is connective or a stem vowel from the previous element.

☯penguin[ˈpeŋɡwɪn]

n.【鸟】企鹅

from Welsh pen "head" (see pen-) + gwyn "white" (see Gwendolyn)

☯prevision[,pri:"viʒәn]

n.预见;预知;预见性;先见;远见;

from prae "before" (see pre-) + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")

☯provide[prəˈvaɪd]

vt.提供;规定;供应;给予;

from pro "ahead" (from PIE root *per- (1) "forward") + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")

☯providence[ˈprɒvɪdəns]

n.上帝;天佑;苍天;

☯prudent[ˈpruːdnt]

adj.谨慎的,慎重的;仔细的,小心的;精明的;节俭的

from pro "ahead" (see pro-) + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")

☯purvey[pəˈveɪ]

vt.提供,供应(食物、服务或信息);

from pro "ahead" (see pro-) + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see"). Compare provide

☯purview[ˈpɜːvjuː]

n.(组织、活动等的)范围;权限;

from pro "ahead" (see pro-) + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see").

☯review[rɪˈvjuː]

n.回顾;报告;评审,审查,检查,检讨(以进行必要的修改);(对书籍、戏剧、电影等的)评介,评论;述评;汇报;温习课,复习课;阅兵式;

vt.回顾;温习,复习;复查;反思;检阅(部队);评介;

☯revise[rɪˈvaɪz]

v.修改;修订(书刊、估算等);改变(意见或计划);复习;温习;

n.校订;再校样;

☯story[ˈstɔːri]

n.(虚构的)故事;小说;情节;(真实情况的)叙述,描述;新闻报道;楼层;谎言;对往事的叙述;

vi.用历史故事画装饰;讲…的故事;把…作为故事讲述

from Latin historia "history, account, tale, story" (see history).

☯supervise[ˈsuːpəvaɪz]

v.监督;管理;指导;主管;

from Latin super "over" (see super-) + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see").

☯survey[ˈsɜːveɪ , səˈveɪ]

n.调查;测量;勘测;测绘;民意调查;民意测验;总体研究;(尤指为欲购房者所做的)房屋鉴定

vt.测量;勘测;测绘;(对建筑物的)鉴定,检查;概述;审视;查看;总体研究;(对…)做民意调查,进行民意测验;审察;全面评述;

from Latin super "over" (see super-) + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see").

☯twit[twɪt]

n.笨蛋;傻瓜;讨厌鬼;

shortened form of Middle English atwite, from æt "at" (see at) + witan "to blame," from Proto-Germanic *witanan "to look after, guard, from PIE root *weid- "to see."

☯unwitting[ʌnˈwɪtɪŋ]

adj.不知情的;无意的;糊里糊涂的;

☯vide[ˈviːdeɪ]

vt.(指示语,用于书等中)参见,参阅,另见;

☯view[vjuː]

n.看法;方式;(个人的)意见;(理解或思维的)方法;(一次)观看;看;视野;(从某处看到的)景色,风景;态度;见解;视线;视域;风景照;

vt.看,观看(电视、电影等);看;把…视为;以…看待;(尤指)仔细察看;查看(房子等,以便购买或租用);

from Latin videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see").

☯visa[ˈviːzə]

n.(护照的)签证;

vt.签发签证;

☯visage[ˈvɪzɪdʒ]

n.(人的)脸,面容;

☯vision[ˈvɪʒn]

n.视力;视野;异象;想象;影像,画面;幻象;想象力;梦幻;神示;俊男;

v.在梦(幻)中看见;想像;

☯visit[ˈvɪzɪt]

v.参观;访问(互联网上的网站);拜访;视察;看望;(短暂地)作客,逗留;

n.(到网站的)访问;参观;游览;看望;会面;逗留;碰头;

☯visor[ˈvaɪzə(r)]

n.(汽车内挡风玻璃上方的)遮阳板;(头盔上的)面甲,面罩,护面;遮阳帽舌;

☯vista[ˈvɪstə]

n.景色,景观;远景;(思想等的)界域,范围;(形成长条形景色的)狭长通道;连绵回忆;不断展望;(未来可能发生的)一系列情景,一连串事情;长条形景色;

☯voyeur[vɔɪˈɜː(r)]

n.窥淫癖者(喜欢窥视他人性行为);刺探隐秘者(喜欢刺探他人的问题或私生活);

☯wise[waɪz]

adj.明智的;英明的;了解的;精明的,狡猾的;有学问的, 博学的;充满智慧的;高明的;<美俚>骄横的,傲慢的,放肆的;有判断力的;明察善断的;知情消息灵通的;<古>懂妖术的,有魔力的;

v.使知道;了解;教导;劝导,说服;使转向,使朝着;传送,传导;引开,诱离;

n.<古>(主要用于一些习用短语中)方式,方法,样式;

from past-participle adjective *wittos of PIE root *weid- "to see" (hence "to know").

☯wisdom[ˈwɪzdəm]

n.智慧;(社会或文化长期积累的)知识,学问;明智;才智;精明;

from wis (see wise (adj.)) + -dom.

☯wiseacre[ˈwaɪzeɪkə(r)]

n.自以为无所不知的人;自以为是的人;

from Proto-Germanic *wit- "to know" (see wit (v.)).

☯wit[wɪt]

n.机智;(正确判断的)能力,智力;风趣;头脑;智力;才思;有…智慧的;理解力;才思敏捷说话诙谐的人;机智幽默的人;措辞巧妙的能力;颖悟力

v.(wist ) 知道

from PIE root *weid- "to see," metaphorically "to know."

☯witting["wɪtɪŋ]

n.消息;情报;(Witting)人名;(英)威廷;(德、罗、芬、瑞典)维廷;

v.知道(wit的ing形式);

adj.知晓的;有意的;

二、单词串记感悟

㊙️人类及动物活力的鲜明特征:目光闪动、聪明睿智、灵活机动的的。于是便有了spec-、-scope、bio-、zoo-、vis-、wis-、vehicle等词根间的词义相通,也为我们学习和串记单词提供了捷径!

结语

学习贵在思考,记忆源于理解!

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