有这样一个带有搜索功能的用户界面需求：
搜索流程如下所示：
这个需求涉及两个实体：
“评分（Rating）、用户名（Username）”数据与User实体相关“创建日期（create date）、观看次数（number of views）、标题（title）、正文（body）”与Story实体相关需要支持的功能对User实体中的评分（Rating）的频繁修改以及下列搜索功能：
按User评分进行范围搜索按Story创建日期进行范围搜索按Story浏览量进行范围搜索按Story标题进行全文搜索按Story正文进行全文搜索#Postgres中创建表结构和索引创建users表和stories表以及对应搜索需求相关的索引，包括：
使用 btree 索引来支持按User评分搜索使用 btree 索引来支持按Story创建日期、查看次数的搜索使用 gin 索引来支持全文搜索内容（同时创建全文搜索列fulltext，类型使用tsvector以支持全文搜索）具体创建脚本如下：
--Create Users tableCREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users( id bigserial NOT NULL, name character varying(100) NOT NULL,rating integer,PRIMARY KEY (id));CREATE INDEX usr_rating_idxON users USING btree(rating ASC NULLS LAST)TABLESPACE pg_default;--Create Stories tableCREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS stories( id bigserial NOT NULL, create_date timestamp without time zone NOT NULL, num_views bigint NOT NULL, title text NOT NULL, body text NOT NULL, fulltext tsvector, user_id bigint, PRIMARY KEY (id),CONSTRAINT user_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (user_id)REFERENCES users (id) MATCH SIMPLEON UPDATE NO ACTIONON DELETE NO ACTIONNOT VALID);CREATE INDEX str_bt_idxON stories USING btree(create_date ASC NULLS LAST,num_views ASC NULLS LAST, user_id ASC NULLS LAST);CREATE INDEX fulltext_search_idxON stories USING gin(fulltext);#创建Spring Boot应用项目依赖关系（这里使用Gradle构建）：plugins { id 'java' id 'org.springframework.boot' version '3.1.3' id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.1.3'}group = 'com.example'version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'java { sourceCompatibility = '17'}repositories { mavenCentral()}dependencies { implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc' implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web' runtimeOnly 'org.postgresql:postgresql' testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'}tasks.named('test') { useJUnitPlatform()}application.yaml中配置数据库连接信息spring: datasource: url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres username: postgres password: postgres数据模型定义需要用到的各种数据模型：
public record Period(String fieldName, LocalDateTime min, LocalDateTime max) {}public record Range(String fieldName, long min, long max) {}public record Search(List<Period> periods, List<Range> ranges, String fullText, long offset, long limit) {}public record UserStory(Long id, LocalDateTime createDate, Long numberOfViews, String title, String body, Long userRating, String userName, Long userId) {}这里使用Java 16推出的新特性record（https://www.didispace.com/java-features/java16/jep395-records.html）实现，所以代码非常简洁。如果您还不了解的话，可以前往程序猿DD的Java新特性专栏补全一下知识点：https://www.didispace.com/java-features/java16/jep395-records.html
数据访问（Repository）@Repositorypublic UserStoryRepository { private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Autowired public UserStoryRepository(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) { this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate; } public List<UserStory> findByFilters(Search search) { return jdbcTemplate.query( """ SELECT s.id id, create_date, num_views, title, body, user_id, name user_name, rating user_rating FROM stories s INNER JOIN users u ON s.user_id = u.id WHERE true """ + buildDynamicFiltersText(search) + " order by create_date desc offset ? limit ?", (rs, rowNum) -> new UserStory( rs.getLong("id"), rs.getTimestamp("create_date").toLocalDateTime(), rs.getLong("num_views"), rs.getString("title"), rs.getString("body"), rs.getLong("user_rating"), rs.getString("user_name"), rs.getLong("user_id") ), buildDynamicFilters(search) ); } public void save(UserStory userStory) { var keyHolder = new GeneratedKeyHolder(); jdbcTemplate.update(connection -> { PreparedStatement ps = connection .prepareStatement( """ INSERT INTO stories (create_date, num_views, title, body, user_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?) """, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS ); ps.setTimestamp(1, Timestamp.valueOf(userStory.createDate())); ps.setLong(2, userStory.numberOfViews()); ps.setString(3, userStory.title()); ps.setString(4, userStory.body()); ps.setLong(5, userStory.userId()); return ps; }, keyHolder); var generatedId = (Long) keyHolder.getKeys().get("id"); if (generatedId != null) { updateFullTextField(generatedId); } } private void updateFullTextField(Long generatedId) { jdbcTemplate.update( """ UPDATE stories SET fulltext = to_tsvector(title || ' ' || body) where id = ? """, generatedId ); } private Object[] buildDynamicFilters(Search search) { var filtersStream = search.ranges().stream() .flatMap( range -> Stream.of((Object) range.min(), range.max()) ); var periodsStream = search.periods().stream() .flatMap( range -> Stream.of((Object) Timestamp.valueOf(range.min()), Timestamp.valueOf(range.max())) ); filtersStream = Stream.concat(filtersStream, periodsStream); if (!search.fullText().isBlank()) { filtersStream = Stream.concat(filtersStream, Stream.of(search.fullText())); } filtersStream = Stream.concat(filtersStream, Stream.of(search.offset(), search.limit())); return filtersStream.toArray(); } private String buildDynamicFiltersText(Search search) { var rangesFilterString = Stream.concat( search.ranges() .stream() .map( range -> String.format(" and %s between ? and ? ", range.fieldName()) ), search.periods() .stream() .map( range -> String.format(" and %s between ? and ? ", range.fieldName()) ) ) .collect(Collectors.joining(" ")); return rangesFilterString + buildFulltextFilterText(search.fullText()); } private String buildFulltextFilterText(String fullText) { return fullText.isBlank() ? "" : " and fulltext @@ plainto_tsquery(?) "; }}Controller实现@RestController@RequestMapping("/user-stories")public UserStoryController { private final UserStoryRepository userStoryRepository; @Autowired public UserStoryController(UserStoryRepository userStoryRepository) { this.userStoryRepository = userStoryRepository; } @PostMapping public void save(@RequestBody UserStory userStory) { userStoryRepository.save(userStory); } @PostMapping("/search") public List<UserStory> search(@RequestBody Search search) { return userStoryRepository.findByFilters(search); }}#小结本文介绍了如何在Spring Boot中结合Postgres数据库实现全文搜索的功能，该方法比起使用Elasticsearch更为轻量级，非常适合一些小项目场景使用。希望本文内容对您有所帮助。如果您学习过程中如遇困难？可以加入我们超高质量的Spring技术交流群（https://www.didispace.com/jiaqun.html），参与交流与讨论，更好的学习与进步！更多Spring Boot教程可以点击直达（https://www.didispace.com/spring-boot-2/），欢迎收藏与转发支持！
#参考资料Postgres full-text search Spring boot integrationopen in new windowJava 16新特性：record