英文写作:防止“机构体”
什么是“机构体英语(training-center English)”?就是很多质量不高的所谓“万能句式”。英语中叫做cliché(陈词滥调)。脱离语境用这些东西,防止出错的同时、也“防止”了信息输出——设想一下你180词的文章里,这些cliches占了60多个词(三分之一多),阅卷人看到后,除了厌倦,还会怎么想?
第一类:万能观点标记×As far as I am concerned×In my opinion×Personally speaking×From my perspective例如:As far as I am concerned, reading is important.问题:不自然,小题大做(仿佛中文说:下面是我的观点——我困了想睡会儿)替换:Reading plays an important role in...(直截了当说观点,给出“干货”——怎么重要)
第二类:流水账连接词×First and foremost×What's more×Last but not least×To begin with×In addition×Besides×Furthermore例如:First and foremost, reading broadens our horizons. What's more, it improves critical thinking.问题:偶尔用可以,每段都这么写,给人感觉作者是在列提纲,而不是在组织思想。(相当于中文写作中通篇“1、……2、……3、……”修改:Reading broadens horizons by exposing us to diverse perspectives. More importantly, it develops critical thinking, enablingreaders to evaluate ideas rather thansimply accept them. As a result, reading becomes not only a source of knowledge but also a tool for personal growth.(这个例子中你会发现:能够体现逻辑推进的手段是多样的,在这个段落中,分词状语enabling、动词词组becomes a source、介词rather than、连词not only…but also,都可以不漏痕迹地让段落读起来顺滑。这里没出现的还有如another、some…others、also等。)
第三类:万能总结词×In a nutshell×To sum up×In conclusion×All in all×In short例如:In a nutshell, we should read more books.问题:In a nutshell适用的情况,是在陈述一个冗长复杂的故事或一个复杂的概念后,类似于中文“长话短说”,而我们的作文不过一百多词,它就显得“用力过猛”了。)修改:Therefore, encouraging students to read widely is a worthwhile investment in their future.其他的所谓“高级表达”如下×Every coin has two sides.×No pains, no gains.×As an old saying goes...×Where there is a will, there is a way.×Practice makes perfect.×Knowledge is power.×As an old saying goes...这些模板化的表达,也是典型的“cliches”。它给人的感觉,你可以理解为登味十足,或陈年老梗。
