incur
英 [ɪn'kɜː(r)] 美 [ɪn'kɜːr]
vt.招致；遭受；惹起
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◉Etymology
“Incur” 这个单词的词源可以追溯到拉丁语的 “incurrere”，由 “in”（表示 “进入”）和 “currere”（表示 “跑、奔跑”）构成。最初的意思是 “跑进去” 或 “碰上”，后来引申为 “遭遇、招致”，即因某种行动或状态而导致某种不利或不良后果。
◉外刊例句
①“The company incurred significant losses due to the unexpected downturn in the market.” 《华尔街日报》 - 2023年5月
“由于市场意外下滑，公司遭受了重大损失。”
②“Individuals who fail to comply with tax regulations may incur penalties.” 《金融时报》 - 2023年8月
“未能遵守税务法规的个人可能会招致处罚。”
③“The new policy inadvertently incurred criticism from environmental groups.” 《纽约时报》 - 2023年9月
“新政策无意中引发了环保组织的批评。
◉经典名著
① "He was perfectly convinced that Mr. Darcy had no defect; but he had incurred Mr. Bingley's displeasure by his harsh treatment of his friend."
—《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice）by Jane Austen
② "The boy would inevitably incur the wrath of the parish by asking for more food."
—《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist）by Charles Dickens
◉Usage Examples
(1) Your despite at him will incur his revenge.
(2) If you don't do the job properly, you will incur blame.
(3) He incurred substantial losses during the stock market crash.
(4) He incurred the anger of everyone by sacking the old caretaker.
(1) 他会因你的藐视态度而报复你的。
(2) 如果你不把工作做好,你将会招人责难。
(3) 他在股市猛跌时蒙受了巨大的损失。
(4) 他因解雇老管理员而激起公愤。
◉Usage Notes
To incur is to get or receive — and usually it's something you brought upon yourself. If you don't pay your credit card bills on time, you'll likely incur lots of fees and some serious debt.
Generally, when you incur something, that something is undesirable. You can incur penalties, expenses, a parking ticket, or a friend’s wrath, for example. But it's pretty unlikely that you'd incur free tickets to the World Series. Frederick Douglass once famously said, “I prefer to be true to myself, even at the hazard of incurring the ridicule of others, rather than to be false, and to incur my own abhorrence."
◉Colins
1 [VERB 动词]招致；带来；遭受 If you incur something unpleasant, it happens to you because of something you have done. [V n] [V-ed] [WRITTEN 笔语]
The government had also incurred huge debts...
政府也已负债累累。
She falls in love and incurs the wrath of her father.
她恋爱了，这引起了父亲的愤怒。
...the terrible damage incurred during the past decade.
在过去 10 年间遭受的严重损伤
