integral

英 ['ɪntɪɡrəl] 美 ['ɪntɪɡrəl]

adj.完整的；构成整体所必需的 n.[数] 积分；完整

◉Etymology

“Integral” 源自拉丁语 “integralis”，意为“完整的、构成整体的”。这个词根与“integer”（整数）相关，都指向了“完整无缺”的概念。在数学领域，“integral” 常用于表示积分，即面积的累积或总和，这也体现了从整体或部分到整体的概念。在非数学语境中，“integral” 通常指某物是构成整体所必需的部分。

◉外刊例句

① 《纽约时报》 (The New York Times), 2023年11月3日

“The new policy is an integral part of the government’s plan to reduce carbon emissions.”

“新政策是政府减少碳排放计划的重要组成部分。”

② 《金融时报》 (Financial Times), 2023年7月19日

“Technology has become integral to the success of modern businesses.”

“技术已成为现代企业成功的关键因素。”

◉经典名著

在赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的小说《白鲸》（Moby Dick）中，“integral” 用来描述鲸鱼某个部分对其整体生存的重要性：

“The whale’s fin was not only an integral part of its body but also a symbol of its power and grace.”

“鲸鱼的鳍不仅是其身体不可分割的一部分，也是其力量和优雅的象征。”

◉Usage Examples

(1) The kitchen is an integral part of a house.

(2) These policies form an integral whole.

(3) The bodies of the carts were integral, that is made of one moulding.

(1) 厨房是房子不可缺的部分

(2) 这是很完整的。

(3) 马车的车身是完整的，而且是根据同一个模型做出来的。

◉Usage Notes

Something that is integral is very important or necessary. If you are an integral part of the team, it means that the team cannot function without you.

An integral part is necessary to complete the whole. In this sense, the word essential is a near synonym. In mathematics, there are integrals of functions and equations. Integral is from Middle English, from Medieval Latin integralis "making up a whole," from Latin integer "untouched, entire."

◉Colins

1. [ADJ 形容词]基本的；构成整体所必需的 Something that is an integral part of something is an essential part of that thing. [oft ADJ to n]

Rituals and festivals form an integral part of every human society...

仪式与节日构成了任何人类社会不可缺少的一部分。

Anxiety is integral to the human condition.

焦虑是人类的基本生存状况之一。